Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Symbiotic Mechanism of <i>Ustilago esculenta</i>-Induced Gall Formation of <i>Zizania latifolia</i>

Zizania latifolia is a perennial aquatic vegetable, whose symbiosis with the fungus Ustilago esculenta (member of Basidiomycota, class Ustilaginaceae) results in establishment swollen gall formations. Here, we analyzed symbiotic relations Z. and U. esculenta, using triadimefon (TDF) treatment transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Specifically, accurately identify whole growth cycle latifolia. Microstructure observations showed that presence could be clearly observed after formation but was absent TDF treatment. A total 17,541 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, based on transcriptome. According to gene ontology term Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes pathway results, plant hormone signal transduction, cell wall–loosening factors all significantly enriched due infecting latifolia; relative expression levels hormone-related which downregulation indole 3-acetic acid (IAA)-related DEGs most pronounced JB_D versus JB_B. The ultra–high performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed IAA, zeatin+trans zeatin riboside, gibberellin 3 increased under infection. Based our proposed hormone–cell wall loosening model study mechanism infects Our thus provides new perspective for studying physiological molecular mechanisms infection causing formations as well theoretical basis enhancing future yields cultivated [Formula: see text] author(s) have dedicated work public domain Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving his or her rights worldwide copyright law, including related neighboring rights, extent allowed law. 2021